Interactive visualization of monthly average electricity prices in the Netherlands from 2019 to 2025
This analysis visualizes the Dutch day-ahead electricity prices over the years 2019-2025. The data shows the price per kilowatt-hour (kWh) excluding taxes.
Use the dropdown menu to switch between different years and explore how electricity prices have evolved over time.
This chart compares all years side-by-side, making it easy to identify trends and anomalies across the entire period.
For consumers with dynamic electricity contracts and or battery systems it can be interesting to look at the price spread between the most expensive and cheapest hours within a day. This chart shows the potential daily savings per kWh from strategically time-shifting electricity consumption.
Use the Smoothing dropdown to choose between raw daily data (no smoothing), 7-day rolling average (default), or 30-day rolling average to see different levels of trend detail. You can also use the left dropdown to view either the average of X most expensive or cheapest hours within a day, which can help understand the price dynamics better.
For each time window (e.g., 8 hours), we calculate the difference between:
Or mathematically:
\[S = \frac{1}{|\mathcal{E}|} \sum_{i \in \mathcal{E}} P_i - \frac{1}{|\mathcal{C}|} \sum_{j \in \mathcal{C}} P_j\]Where $\mathcal{E}$ is the set of the X most expensive hours and $\mathcal{C}$ is the set of the X cheapest hours in a given day. The resulting spread $S$ represents the potential savings per kWh by shifting consumption from expensive hours to cheap hours within that time window.
Negative electricity prices occur when supply exceeds demand, often during periods of high renewable energy generation (e.g., sunny and windy afternoons) combined with low demand. The original 15-minute price data is downsampled to hourly averages for this analysis.
This chart shows how often negative prices (≤ −0.01 €/kWh) occur each month. Use the dropdown to switch between the number of negative-price hours and the cumulative sum of negative prices in €/kWh. Toggle individual years in the legend to compare specific periods.
The histogram below shows the distribution of hourly electricity prices for a selected month, binned in steps of 5 cents (0.05 €/kWh). Use the month dropdown to explore different months, and toggle years in the legend to compare distributions across years.
The data used in this analysis comes from Dutch electricity market day-ahead prices, tracked at 15-minute intervals. The dataset spans from 2019 through end of 2025, and can be downloaded from jeroen.nl.